博客更新
- 更换主题以修复一些奇奇怪怪的 BUG
- 添加标签
文章更新
- 2025.12.04 补充平行下载
- 2025.12.05 平行下载的补充说明（默认已经开启）
为什么要换 openSUSE
因为前一阵子的 AUR 被攻击事件导致的，选择了一个避难的系统，原本用的是 Fedora KDE Plasma Desktop Edition
结果因为一些奇奇怪怪问题（如达芬奇因大蟒蛇无法使用，Chromium 类软件会偶发性卡顿）以及当时 Plasma 6.5 推送的时候导致桌面崩溃还历历在目，笔记本上，性能默认调度也不行
所以换成了一个 KDE Friendly，同为德国信创一份子的 openSUSE
但是 SUSE 有些地方不太行，所以需要靠这个随机的解
╭────── User : ne0w0r1d@Ne0-Cyrene
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⠂⠀⢠⠀⢀⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ │ System Information
⠀⠀⠀⢰⢀⠀⠀⠀⣰⡇⠀⡆⡄⢠⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ │ OS openSUSE Tumbleweed x86_64
⠀⠀⠀⢸⢸⡆⠀⢴⢷⡧⣼⣇⣀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ │ Kernel Linux 6.17.9-1-default
⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣇⠀⢹⠀⢧⠀⣧⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ │ Uptime 6 hours, 50 mins
⠀⠀⠀⢸⠉⢻⣦⣾⣶⣾⣌⠛⣌⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⠀⠀⠀⣠⢿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ │ Packages 4463 (rpm), 32 (flatpak), 5 (linglong)
⡀⠀⠀⢸⢰⡿⢻⣼⣿⣦⢱⠁⠉⠸⠀⡀⢠⡞⠁⠀⢀⡜⠉⣾⣾⢀⣴⠀⠀⠀ │
⠀⠉⠉⢸⡀⠇⡟⣿⣿⢏⠏⠃⢰⠷⢻⠗⠋⢀⡠⡲⢟⡚⠲⠻⢑⢟⣿⠀⡄⠀ │ Desktop Environment
⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⠀⠸⠦⠄⠊⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠋⠉⣷⣟⣿⣛⢻⢫⣁⣾⢇⣼⠃⠀ │ DE KDE Plasma 6.5.3
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢱⢿⣿⣿⢠⠡⡟⠵⡏⡘⠀⠀ │ WM KWin (Wayland)
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡘⢛⡡⠃⣠⢧⡾⠐⠕⡱⡠ │ Theme Breeze
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⢈⡴⣩⣴⡤⡞⡻⠓ │ Shell bash 5.3.3
⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠋⡝⠀⡧⠁⠀ │
⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠩⣐⠂⠤⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠔⠁⢀⠧⠚⠁⠀⠀ │ Hardware Information
⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⡷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢴⢃⠠⠊⢹⠀⢠⡆⠀⠀ │ CPU 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-12700H (20) @ 4.70 GHz
⠀⡠⠊⢸⣿⡇⠈⢢⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⡤⠔⡖⠈⠁⡸⡘⠀⠀⡄⠀⢸⠁⠀⠀ │ GPU NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 Mobile / Max-Q [Discrete]
⠁⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠹⠶⠿⠟⠋⢁⠜⠣⡀⡇⠀⠀⣿⠁⠀⢠⠀⠀⠿⠀⠀⠀ │ GPU Intel Alder Lake-P Integrated Graphics Controller @ 1.40 GHz [Integrated]
⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠎⠀⠀⠈⠲⡀⠀⡟⠀⠀⡌⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀ │ GPU Driver nvidia (open source) 580.105.08
⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡴⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣾⡇⠀⠀⠁⠀⢸⠁⠀⠀⡀ │ GPU Driver xe
│ Memory 5.46 GiB / 7.47 GiB (73%)
│ Disk (/) 80.67 GiB / 134.10 GiB (60%) - btrfs
│
│ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
╰───────────────────────────────╯
注， bash 的 ## 为注释、# 为超级用户模式
NVIDIA 驱动
首先先更新
# zypper dup
其次仓库这里两个办法
- 安装 openSUSE 提供的老黄仓库
# zypper in openSUSE-repos-NVIDIA
- 也可以自己手动添加老黄的仓库
# zypper ar -fcg 'https://download.nvidia.com/opensuse/tumbleweed' NVIDIA ## 对于风滚草和慢滚用户而言
# zypper ar -fcg 'https://download.nvidia.com/opensuse/leap/$releasever' NVIDIA ## 对于 LTS 版本 Leap 用户而言
然后开始安装
根据 openSUSE Wiki，选择合适的显卡驱动
注意：特定显卡映射到下面列出的命名约定。当你准备通过命令行安装驱动时，你将需要此信息。
G03 = driver v340 = GT8xxx/9xxx 设备的旧版驱动程序（通过社区用户，见下文）
G04 = driver v390 = GTX4xx/5xx Fermi 设备的旧版驱动程序
G05 = driver v470 = GeForce 600 系列驱动程序
G06 = GeForce 700 系列（Kepler）及更高版本（Maxwell、Pascal……）的驱动程序
然后，如果是 G06 请根据 英伟达开发者技术博客：NVIDIA 全面转向开源 GPU 内核模块 选择合适自己的显卡模块，闭源内核模块请安装nvidia-driver-G06-kmp-meta或者，开源内核模块请安装nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-kmp-meta
这里以开源内核模块为例子
# zypper in nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-kmp-meta
其他显卡可以根据上面引用，使用zypper se nvidia进行搜索
结果可能如下
$ zypper se nvidia
正在加载软件源数据...
正在读取已安装的软件包...
S | Name | Summary | Type
---+---------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------
| bumblebee-status-module-nvidia | Displays GPU name, temperature and memory usage | 软件包
| bumblebee-status-module-nvidia-optimus-manager | GPU selection for NVIDIA optimus using optimus-manager | 软件包
| bumblebee-status-module-nvidia-prime | GPU selection for NVIDIA optimus using bbswitch | 软件包
| gkrellm-nvidia | A plugin for GKrellM and Nvidia GPUs | 软件包
i | kernel-firmware-nvidia | Kernel firmware files for Nvidia Tegra and graphics drivers | 软件包
i+ | kernel-firmware-nvidia-gsp-G06 | Kernel firmware file for open NVIDIA kernel module driver G06 | 软件包
| kernel-firmware-nvidia-gspx-G06 | Kernel firmware file for open NVIDIA kernel module driver G06 | 软件包
| kernel-firmware-nvidia-gspx-G06-cuda | Kernel firmware file for open NVIDIA kernel module driver G06 | 软件包
| libnvidia-egl-gbm-devel | Development package for libnvidia-egl-gbm | 软件包
i | libnvidia-egl-gbm1 | The GBM EGL external platform library | 软件包
i | libnvidia-egl-gbm1-32bit | The GBM EGL external platform library | 软件包
| libnvidia-egl-wayland-devel | Development package for libnvidia-egl-wayland | 软件包
i | libnvidia-egl-wayland1 | The EGLStream-based Wayland external platform | 软件包
i | libnvidia-egl-wayland1-32bit | The EGLStream-based Wayland external platform | 软件包
| libnvidia-egl-x11-devel | Development package for libnvidia-egl-x11 | 软件包
i | libnvidia-egl-x111 | NVIDIA XLib and XCB EGL Platform Library | 软件包
i | libnvidia-egl-x111-32bit | NVIDIA XLib and XCB EGL Platform Library | 软件包
i | libnvidia-gpucomp | NVIDIA library for shader compilation (nvgpucomp) | 软件包
i | libnvidia-gpucomp-32bit | NVIDIA library for shader compilation (nvgpucomp) | 软件包
i | nvidia-common-G06 | Common files for the NVIDIA driver packages | 软件包
i | nvidia-compute-G06 | NVIDIA driver for computing with GPGPU | 软件包
i | nvidia-compute-G06-32bit | 32bit NVIDIA driver for computing with GPGPU | 软件包
i | nvidia-compute-utils-G06 | NVIDIA driver tools for computing with GPGPU | 软件包
| nvidia-computeG04 | NVIDIA driver for computing with GPGPU | 软件包
| nvidia-computeG04-32bit | 32bit NVIDIA driver for computing with GPGPU | 软件包
| nvidia-computeG05 | NVIDIA driver for computing with GPGPU | 软件包
| nvidia-computeG05-32bit | 32bit NVIDIA driver for computing with GPGPU | 软件包
| nvidia-driver-G06-kmp-default | NVIDIA graphics driver kernel module for GeForce 700 series and newer | 软件包
| nvidia-driver-G06-kmp-longterm | NVIDIA graphics driver kernel module for GeForce 700 series and newer | 软件包
| nvidia-driver-G06-kmp-meta | Meta package to select proprietary nvidia driver | 软件包
| nvidia-drivers-G06 | Meta package for full installations (X, GL, etc.) | 软件包
| nvidia-drivers-insync-latest | Meta package to select proprietary/open nvidia drivers in sync | 软件包
| nvidia-drivers-minimal-G06 | Meta package for compute only installations | 软件包
| nvidia-gfxG04-kmp-default | NVIDIA graphics driver kernel module for GeForce 400 series and newer | 软件包
| nvidia-gfxG04-kmp-pae | NVIDIA graphics driver kernel module for GeForce 400 series and newer | 软件包
| nvidia-gfxG05-kmp-default | NVIDIA graphics driver kernel module for GeForce 600 series and newer | 软件包
| nvidia-gfxG05-kmp-longterm | NVIDIA graphics driver kernel module for GeForce 600 series and newer | 软件包
i | nvidia-gl-G06 | NVIDIA OpenGL libraries for OpenGL acceleration | 软件包
i | nvidia-gl-G06-32bit | 32bit NVIDIA OpenGL libraries for OpenGL acceleration | 软件包
| nvidia-glG04 | NVIDIA OpenGL libraries for OpenGL acceleration | 软件包
| nvidia-glG04-32bit | 32bit NVIDIA OpenGL libraries for OpenGL acceleration | 软件包
| nvidia-glG05 | NVIDIA OpenGL libraries for OpenGL acceleration | 软件包
| nvidia-glG05-32bit | 32bit NVIDIA OpenGL libraries for OpenGL acceleration | 软件包
| nvidia-libXNVCtrl | Library providing the NV-CONTROL API | 软件包
| nvidia-libXNVCtrl-devel | Development files for libXNVCtrl | 软件包
i | nvidia-modprobe | NVIDIA kernel module loader | 软件包
| nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-check | Post-build RPM inspection | 软件包
| nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-cuda-check | Post-build RPM inspection | 软件包
| nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-cuda-default-devel | Devel Package to nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-cuda | 软件包
| nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-cuda-kmp-default | NVIDIA open kernel module driver for GeForce 16 series (GTX 16xx) and newer | 软件包
| nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-cuda-kmp-longterm | NVIDIA open kernel module driver for GeForce 16 series (GTX 16xx) and newer | 软件包
| nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-cuda-longterm-devel | Devel Package to nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-cuda | 软件包
| nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-default-devel | Devel Package to nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed | 软件包
i | nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-kmp-default | NVIDIA open kernel module driver for GeForce 16 series (GTX 16xx) and newer | 软件包
| nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-kmp-longterm | NVIDIA open kernel module driver for GeForce 16 series (GTX 16xx) and newer | 软件包
i+ | nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-kmp-meta | Meta package to select open nvidia driver in sync | 软件包
| nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed-longterm-devel | Devel Package to nvidia-open-driver-G06-signed | 软件包
i | nvidia-persistenced | A daemon to maintain persistent software state in the NVIDIA driver | 软件包
| nvidia-settings | Configure the NVIDIA graphics driver | 软件包
| nvidia-texture-tools | NVIDIA Texture Tools | 软件包
i | nvidia-userspace-meta-G06 | Meta package to autoselect NVIDIA userspace packages | 软件包
| nvidia-utils-G06 | NVIDIA driver tools | 软件包
i+ | nvidia-vaapi-driver | Nvidia Driver for Video Acceleration (VA) API for Linux | 软件包
i | nvidia-video-G06 | NVIDIA graphics driver for GeForce 700 series and newer | 软件包
i | nvidia-video-G06-32bit | 32bit NVIDIA graphics driver for GeForce 700 series and newer | 软件包
| nvidia-xconfig | NVIDIA X configuration file editor | 软件包
| openSUSE-repos-Leap-NVIDIA | openSUSE NVIDIA repository definitions | 软件包
i | openSUSE-repos-MicroOS-NVIDIA | openSUSE NVIDIA repository definitions | 软件包
| openSUSE-repos-Slowroll-NVIDIA | openSUSE NVIDIA repository definitions | 软件包
| openSUSE-repos-Tumbleweed-NVIDIA | openSUSE NVIDIA repository definitions | 软件包
| pcp-pmda-nvidia-gpu | Performance Co-Pilot (PCP) metrics for the Nvidia GPU | 软件包
| x11-video-nvidiaG04 | NVIDIA graphics driver for GeForce 400 series and newer | 软件包
| x11-video-nvidiaG04-32bit | 32bit NVIDIA graphics driver for GeForce 400 series and newer | 软件包
| x11-video-nvidiaG05 | NVIDIA graphics driver for GeForce 600 series and newer | 软件包
| x11-video-nvidiaG05-32bit | 32bit NVIDIA graphics driver for GeForce 600 series and newer | 软件包
安全启动
开源内核模块 SUSE 已经帮你签完了名，登一下就能加载（不过会很卡建议注销一下）
闭源内核模块需要自己签名（避免因为 bash 格式问题，故使用 plaintext）
G06 签名
# mokutil --import /var/lib/nvidia-pubkeys/MOK-nvidia-driver-G0<X>-<driver_version>-<kernel_flavor>.der --root-pw
其他显卡签名
# mokutil --import /var/lib/nvidia-pubkeys/MOK-nvidia-gfxG0<X>-<driver_version>-<kernel_flavor>.der --root-pw
然后重启输入 root 密码，如果想自己设置签名的密码，请取消 –root-pw 这个 flag
Plymouth 低分辨率
这是因为驱动包没有为 initramfs 加入 NVIDIA 模块，可以在/etc/dracut.conf.d/新建一个文件，我这里叫做09-nvidia.conf
加入这一句话，加入 Xe 是因为我核显是 Xe 架构，可以使用测试版 XeDRM 默认也没在 SUSE 的 initramfs 里面
force_drivers+="xe nvidia nvidia_modeset nvidia_uvm nvidia_drm"
然后就
# dracut -fv
NV-VAAPI 驱动
Zypper 设置
打开 MirrorCache GEOIP 重定向、未签名野包呼噜额
openSUSE 的安全策略阻拦了用户使用 PackageKit 的方式安装 RPM 野包，默认也没开 GEOIP 跳转功能，可以按照以下方式
## 备份，可选择移动或者复制
# cp/mv /etc/zypp/zypp.conf /etc/zypp/zypp.conf.backup
## 选择自己喜欢的文本编辑器编辑
# vim/nano/micro /etc/zypp/zypp.conf
输入以下文本，复制备份的话你就不需要 [main] 这一行，但是下面的内容你需要复制到 [main] 之下
[main]
repo.refresh.locales = cn, de # 设置仓库刷新地区
download.use_geoip_mirror = true # 打开 GEO IP 跳转
download.max_concurrent_connections = 5 # 设置最多并行量
pkg_gpgcheck = off # 允许 RPM 未签名野包（不推荐，请自重）
multiversion = provides:multiversion(kernel) # 默认打开，如果你是直接编辑新文件的话需要加入这句话，允许多版本内核
multiversion.kernels = latest,latest-1,running # 默认打开，如果你是直接编辑新文件的话需要加入这句话，允许保留的内核版本
打开试验性的 Curl 2 + 并行下载
更新：1205 风滚草现在默认启用
如果没有用，可以设置如下环境变量
ZYPP_PCK_PRELOAD=1
ZYPP_CURL2=1
SELinux 设置
允许用户在堆栈上运行
# setsebool selinuxuser_execstack -P 1
如果不这样设置，等着跑容器版的微信被它拒绝吧😡
Howdy
在主目录（最好是在这），新建howdy.te文件
module howdy 1.0;
require {
type lib_t;
type xdm_t;
type v4l_device_t;
type sysctl_vm_t;
class chr_file map;
class file { create getattr open read write };
class dir add_name;
}
#============= xdm_t ==============
allow xdm_t lib_t:dir add_name;
allow xdm_t lib_t:file { create write };
allow xdm_t sysctl_vm_t:file { getattr open read };
allow xdm_t v4l_device_t:chr_file map;
然后
# checkmodule -M -m -o howdy.mod howdy.te
# semodule_package -o howdy.pp -m howdy.mod
# semodule -i howdy.pp
编解码器
由于 SUSE 在美国有办事处，所以因专利授权和万恶的 Digital Millennium Copyright Act（DMCA）存在，我们要跟 Fedora 一样通过 RPMFusion 的方式来解决问题
首先加入 PackMan 源
# zypper ar -fcg https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/packman/suse/openSUSE_Leap_\$releasever/ USTC:PACKMAN ## Leap 用户
# zypper ar -fcg https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/packman/suse/openSUSE_Tumbleweed USTC:PACKMAN ## 风滚草用户
# zypper ar -fcg https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/packman/suse/openSUSE_Slowroll USTC:PACKMAN ## 慢滚用户
然后
# zypper dup --allow-vendor-change ## 慢滚和风滚草最好使用这个
# zypper up --allow-vendor-change ## Leap 用户
这样就可以了
HOWDY（Pam）
首先照常设置 HOWDY
其次从/usr/lib/pam.d/复制一些必要的 PAM 文件进 /etc/pam.d 做覆写，尤其是 common-auth
然后在 /etc/pam.d/common-auth 和自己的主用登录管理器加入
auth sufficient pam_unix.so try_first_pass likeauth nullok
auth sufficient pam_howdy.so
auth optional pam_kwallet5.so
session optional pam_kwallet5.so auto_start
PackageKit 安装 RPM 或更新时提示已按指示终止
这个一般是要么存在文件冲突，要么是没有签名
如果报错这个，请使用终端执行 sudo zypper in sudo zypper up sudo zypper dup 看看情况